Using the usbasp ISP

avrdude -c usbasp -p m328p -P USB -b 57600 -U flash:r:/tmp/flash.txt:i
avrdude -c usbasp -p m328p -P USB -b 57600 -U eeprom:r:/tmp/eeprom.txt:i

The hexfile can be generated with the Arduion IDE with the command Export compiled Binary CTRL+ALT+S wich can be found under the Sketch menu item
Write a hex file to an ATmega 328p

avrdude -c usbasp -p m328p -P USB -b 57600 -U flash:w:Blink.ino.standard.hex

When you get

avrdude: auto set sck period (because given equals null)
avrdude: warning: cannot set sck period. please check for usbasp firmware update.
avrdude: error: program enable: target doesn't answer. 0 
avrdude: initialization failed, rc=-1
         Double check connections and try again, or use -F to override
         this check.

do

Disconnect the power from the Arduino / AT328p setup, wait a few seconds, connect the power and try again

When you get

avrdude: Warning: cannot query manufacturer for device: error sending control message: Operation not permitted
avrdude: Warning: cannot query product for device: error sending control message: Operation not permitted
avrdude: error: could not find USB device with viBODLEVEL 2:0 Fusesd=0x16c0 pid=0x5dc vendor='www.fischl.de' product='USBasp'

Do as root

groupadd usbasp
usermod -G usbasp -a user
vi /etc/udev/rules.d/41-usbasp.rules (and add the following three lines to the 41-usbasp.rules file)
  ## USBAsp AVR VUSB Device
  ATTRS{idVendor}=="16c0", ATTRS{idProduct}=="05dc", MODE="0664", GROUP="usbasp"
  
Make sure the empy line is there
Save the file and close vi with **:x**
Reboot

AVR Tutorial
SPM Store Program Memory
How to change fuse bits of AVR Atmega328p 8bit microcontroller

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