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Add to /home/user/.xinitrc

setxkbmap -option compose:lwin

Add to /home/user/.xsession

source ~/.xinitrc &
wmpid=$!
xfce4-session
wait $wmpid

wait might be replaced with waitpid for more readability (not tested)
Log out of Xwindows and log in again
Now the compose key is the left windows key
To use it, press it, release it and then enter the desired key sequence. For example

e
=

which gives the € sign. Or do

compose key 
1
2

for the ½ sign

e= → €
l- → £
e" → ë
/o → ø
!? → ‽
ss → ß
^2 → ²
^3 → ³
oo → °
xx → ×
.. → …
--- → —
// → \
>> → »
<- → ← 
-> → →
=/ → ≠
|c → ¢
12 → ½

symbol2unicode Generate unicode symbols from similar ascii character combinations

Use CTRL-Shift-u Uni-code-character-hex-code

Use the uni-code character hex code
You might do CTRL-Shift-u and then release the keys an enter the code like 3bb or it might be needed to press and hold CTRL-Shift press 'u', enter the code like 3bb and then release the CTRL-Shift keys

Example:

CTRL-Shift-u 3bb -> λ

The leading zero's can be omitted
Do not use the SHIFT key

unicode.org

Compose key cheat sheet
How add more
Entering special characters in Vim
Symbol > unicode
Test for Unicode support in Web browsers (very much characters)
Linux keyboard text symbols: Compose key shortcuts
Compose key
ComposeKeys
XCOMM UTF-8 (Unicode) compose sequence
UTF-8 and Unicode FAQ for Unix/Linux
ComposeKey - Ubuntu documentation

/home/user/.Xmodmap

Example

keycode  26 = e E eacute Eacute EuroSign cent EuroSign

To get an idea how to change keybindings see: xmodmap nl
xbindkeys
The XMacro package contains two simple, C++ programs (xmacrorec and xmacroplay) for recording and replaying keyboard and mouse events on an X server

Add to /etc/default/keyboard (not tested) in stead of to .initrc / .xsessions

XKBOPTIONS="compose:lwin"

Using the caps key as compose key

setxkbmap -option compose:caps

keysym 0xffe9, Alt_L
keysym 0xffea, Alt_R

/home/user/.config/xfce4/xfconf/xfce-perchannel-xml/xfce4-keyboard-shortcuts.xml

The xfce4-terminal 0.8.7.4 program is set to 'Default (UTF-8)' (see via Edit > Advanced tab > Encoding > Default character encoding)
When you get something like file�<80><99>s in a terminal try (rsync is an example):

• Set the locale as in this example of a locale file (change what is needed for your local needs)
• Run update-locale
• man rsycnc

(man rsync is an example)
If it does not resolve the issue try

LC_CTYPE=UTF-8; man rsync

Then we got this warning

bash: warning: setlocale: LC_CTYPE: cannot change locale (UTF-8): No such file or directory
man: can't set the locale; make sure $LC_* and $LANG are correct

However in the output of man rsync all characters looked fine
If not, close the man page en run the man rsync again

If this does not make the characters readable try LC_CTYPE=C to make all characters readable. Example

LC_CTYPE=C; man rsync

unicode-6.0
List_of_emoticons

Hex editing
Archwiki xmodmap

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