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Partitions

MBR versus GPT partition schemes

Tools

Size: MB

NameSizeDescriptionRemark
partitionmanager1181)

UUID

UUIDFilesystem level UUID
PARTUUIDPartition table level UUID. Standard for all partitions for GPT
PTUUIDPartition table UUID. Disk signature on MBR-partitioned disks
MBR-partitioned disksHas no UUIDs in the partition table
32-bit disk signature is the PTUUID
PARTUUIDs is the disk signature extended by a two-digit partition number

Generate a UUID

This does not change the PARTUUID
As root in a terminal:

  • Get a UUID: cat /proc/sys/kernel/random/uuid
  • or via uuidgen
    • if ! [[ -f /usr/bin/uuidgen ]]; then aptitude install uuid-runtime; else echo 'Already installed'; fi
    • Generate a new UUID:
      • uuidgen
        • The result should look like: e2310fa3-f7b6-4743-a993-d32d496a0326

Change UUID

  • Boot the computer from a live distribution
  • Open a terminal
  • Log in as root
  • Make sure the partition you want to assign the UUID to is unmounted:
    • mount | grep sdnx # n and x are the drive letter and the partition
  • Check the partition
    • e2fsck -f /dev/sdnx
  • Assign the UUID
    • tune2fs /dev/sdnx -U $(cat /proc/sys/kernel/random/uuid)
  • Check
    • blkid /dev/sdnx

fstab

After changing /etc/fstab run systemctl daemon-reload

MBR

Partitions table

If the drive has no partition table it has to be created. Use cfdisk (ncurses interface) for this if possible. Just run cfdisk. It preforms much better than fdisk (the second choice) or sfdisk (a script-oriented tool). If you need more advanced options fdisk is needed

Use the msdos format when creating a new partition table. Warning: Doing this will erase all data on the disk, it will empty the disk

fdisk

Understands GPT, MBR, Sun, SGI and BSD partition tables
fdisk -l: show partition information

The size entry, an example

+2000M

Commands

 DOS (MBR)
 a   toggle a bootable flag
 b   edit nested BSD disklabel
 c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
 Generic
 d   delete a partition
 F   list free unpartitioned space
 l   list known partition types
 n   add a new partition
 p   print the partition table
 t   change a partition type
 v   verify the partition table
 i   print information about a partition

Misc
 m   print this menu
 u   change display/entry units
 x   extra functionality (experts only)
Script
 I   load disk layout from sfdisk script file
 O   dump disk layout to sfdisk script file
Save & Exit
 w   write table to disk and exit
 q   quit without saving changes

Create a new label
 g   create a new empty GPT partition table
 G   create a new empty SGI (IRIX) partition table
 o   create a new empty DOS partition table
 s   create a new empty Sun partition table

Delete partition

fdisk -l # Notice which disk has to be acted upon
fdisk /dev/sdx # /dev/sdx is the disk to be acted upon
p # Print the partition table
d # Delete a partition. If there is only one partition it will be deleted. Otherwise a question will be raised asking which partition to delete
p # Verify Partition Deletion
w # Write table to disk and exit

GTP

CLI tools

gdisk sgdisk cgdisk

UUID

Whith sgdisk --info=n /dev/sdx information about a partition can be shown. Replace the 'n' and 'x' with the applicable values

The Partition unique GUID value is the value which has to be used in /etc/fstab

Errors

Repartitioning error

When something goes wrong while repartitioning a drive the partition might be restored with testdisk
Warning: Make sure to select all partitions (Make them green) before writing the partition table to disk

initramfs-tools

When a new kernel is installed and you get W :initramfs-tools configuration sets RESUME=UUID=[UUIDhash] but no matching swap divice is available do blkid | grep swap and copy the UUID of the swap partition over the UUID found in /etc/initramfs-tools/conf.d/resume


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partitions.txt · Last modified: 19-02-2024 02:21 by wim