To set a kernel parameter in Debian, you can add a new line to one of the system's kernel configuration files in the /etc/kernel/<version>/ directory, where <version> is the kernel version number. For example, if you are using kernel version 5.8.0-9763-generic, you would add the new line to /etc/kernel/5.8.0-9763-generic/sysctl.conf. Each kernel version has its own sysctl.conf file.

The format of the new line needs to comply with the sysctl syntax, where each directive consists of option name and value separated by equals sign (. For instance, to set the maximum number of open files allowed per user to 2448, you would write “fs.file-max = 2448”. To apply the changes immediately after editing the sysctl.conf file, run the following command:

sysctl -w fs.file-max=2448

After applying the change, restart the service responsible for managing the parameter:

sudo systemctl restart sysctl.service

Alternatively, you can use the sysctl command directly to modify the value of a given kernel parameter:

sysctl fs.file-max=2448

This method applies only until next boot; therefore, to make the change permanent, create a custom script and schedule it using cron, or load the module automatically upon bootup using modprobe and /etc/modules.d/ directory.

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